By The Chronicle Staff

Health officials are investigating a growing outbreak of a parasitic illness that has sickened people across multiple states, with one of the most recognizable symptoms being severe, watery diarrhea that has been described by doctors as "explosive."

The illness, known as Cyclosporiasis, is caused by the microscopic parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), at least 145 domestically acquired cases have been reported in 17 states, including Ohio, with 20 people requiring hospitalization.

The Ohio Department of Health reported 177 cases in the state, as of July 2. Of those cases, 171 occurred in June, mostly since June 20, WBNS 10-TV reports.

No deaths have been reported.

Health officials stress that the reported cases represent only laboratory-confirmed infections, meaning the true number of illnesses could be significantly higher.

What Is Cyclospora?

Cyclospora is a parasite that infects the small intestine after a person consumes contaminated food or water.

Unlike many stomach viruses, the illness is not typically spread directly from person to person because the parasite must mature in the environment before becoming infectious.

The CDC says infections often increase during the warmer months, with most cases occurring between May and August.

Symptoms Can Last for Weeks

Symptoms generally appear about one week after exposure and may include:

• Frequent watery diarrhea

• Severe or "explosive" bowel movements

• Stomach cramps

• Nausea

• Loss of appetite

• Bloating and gas

• Fatigue

• Weight loss

• Occasionally a low-grade fever

Without treatment, symptoms can persist for several weeks and may come and go. Young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems may face a greater risk of serious illness.

Source Still Unknown

Although Cyclospora infections are commonly linked to contaminated fresh produce, investigators have not yet identified a single food source responsible for the current illnesses.

The CDC, along with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and state health departments, is investigating several clusters of cases to determine whether contaminated produce or another food item may be responsible.

At this time, officials say there is no evidence that all reported cases stem from one nationwide outbreak.

Historically, Cyclospora outbreaks have been associated with imported fresh fruits, herbs, leafy greens, and vegetables.

How to Reduce Your Risk

While no prevention method is foolproof, health officials recommend:

• Thoroughly washing fresh fruits and vegetables before eating.

• Washing hands frequently, especially before preparing food.

• Using safe food handling practices in the kitchen.

• Seeking medical attention if severe diarrhea lasts more than a few days or is accompanied by dehydration.

Doctors can diagnose Cyclospora through specialized laboratory testing, and most cases respond well to prescription antibiotics. ■